Mount Jefferson, at 5,712 feet (1,741 meters), is located in Coos County, of New Hampshire. Named after the third U.S. President, it is the third highest peak in New Hampshire, in New England, and in the Northeastern United States. It is located on the main Presidential Range crest between the first and second highest peaks—north of Mount Washington (and its northern outlier Mount Clay) and south of the bulk of Mount Adams. Located at the center of the scenic Northern Peaks of the Presidential Range, it boasts a vast area of rare eastern above-timberline terrain, and weather that can rapidly become near-Antarctic.

Mount Jefferson has a direct ascent along the Caps Ridge Trail, whose base (Jefferson Notch) is the highest point of any public highway in New Hampshire. It is steep and rough, involves scrambles over ledges, and has what some may consider an uncomfortable degree of exposure.